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The Loch Ness Monster

(aka The Nessie Mystery)

Mysteries of the World / MOTW (Version 0.0d)


1.0   Preamble

In this web article we will examine the enduring Mystery of the Loch Ness Monster ... what we choose to call The Nessie Mystery, because the Scots affectionately calls the Loch Ness Monster — whether he, she or it exists or not — as 'Nessie'.

Surely for many people, the Loch Ness Monster (or 'Nessie') is a lifeform that would be as fascinating to learn about as ... UFOs and Aliens-ETs — and perhaps just as dangerous as in a UFO encounter classified as a 'Close Encounter' (within 500 ft / 160 m) of the 'Third Kind' (where "animate beings" are involved).

Of course, in the mind of the public, the Loch Ness Monster is probably seen as a surviving form of aqueous (if not marine) dinosaur, known as a plesiosaur. Never mind that plesiosauri was supposed to have died out some 60 million (i.e., 60,000,000) years ago!

Note that in our 'Articles' section, we also have another web article on Nessie, where we examine the various hoaxes that had been perpetuated from the 1930s right up to the 1970s ... we examine these Loch Ness Monster hoaxes in the context of a field of study or endeavor which has come to be known as 'cryptozoology'. This is a field of study that is regarded as little more than a pseudoscience, from the viewpoint of the mainstream scientists, i.e., biologists in general and, especially, zoologists in particular.

Click here to find our web article on 'Cryptozoology - Hoaxes, says SSPIA'.


Discover Mysteries of the World - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com


If you look closely at the above picture of my favorite mysteries, you may realize that it represents a 'continuum' of Mysteries, beginning at the left of the picture with The UFO Mystery and Aliens Mysteries, then through earthbound exotic lifeforms such as the Loch Ness Monster (hence, The Nessie Mystery) that may be living in strange places, such as Scotland's Loch Ness and the Atlantic Ocean's Bermuda Triangle, aka Devil's Triangle ... and then the picture rounds off with the mysterious and wonderful works of humankind, including handiworks of art, such as the Mona Lisa, as well as mysterious monumental megaliths such as Stonehenge and the Egyptian Pyramids, with perhaps some assist from ETs, eh? — if the 'ancient astronauts' idea is true, that would bring us back to the beginning of the picture, with the UFOs and the Aliens-ETs. Note that this steady and regular progression of the Mysteries is the reason that the above picture appears on every web page, for the picture, although not amounting to an exhaustive list of Mysteries, still is a reasonably good pictorial representation of many Mysteries of interest ...

Also, note that the set or group of mysteries in the picture happens to be the set of Mysteries that are in most people's 'top-of-mind' recall category ... as the marketing communication researcher would say. That is, people seems to recall these Mysteries more easily than they do other Mysteries ...

Anyway, the Loch Ness Monster — as a member of the group of 'cryptozoologically' exotic lifeforms or objects as interesting as UFOs and Aliens-ETs — represents the next logical step in our 'continuum' of Mysteries. We reproduce part of the above (ubiquitous) picture to highlight this ...

UFOs, Aliens & Nessie - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Okay ... Let's start our exploration of the Loch Ness Monster with some lighthearted look at Nessie ... below are several video clips (plus one cheeky one with model and actress Kitana Baker!) from the famous video hosting site, YouTube ...

"Toyota Tacoma Loch Ness Monster Ad"

"Toyota Loch Ness"

"Can Loch Ness be hiding a monster after all?"

[Loch Ness water is cold!]
"Kitana Baker Incident at Loch Ness"


2.0   Nessie Sightings

Most of the Nessie sightings that have managed to be recorded in the form of photos or videos are usually the easiest to dispose of, because these photos or videos tend to show vague images of things that are simply too indistinguishable to say that they are anything at all ... Thus, using Occam's Razor (principle of parsimony) and, erring on the side of caution, unless a more concrete form of evidence (such as a bona fide carcass or, better still, a living specimen), then we would not be unjustified to write off such vague photos or videos.

In fact, we could even say that these images may be about some other, more innocuous, aqueous — freshwater or marine — lifeforms ...

Maybe the pictures are just showing tree logs or stumps or branches that have fallen into the water and which have resurfaced temporarily due to water currents.
There are also many videos that show what could easily be interpreted as waves or water wakes, plus possible movements of some lifeforms or logs, other than our purported Nessie — such as is shown in the video on the right. Such vagueness in these video 'evidence' can be interpreted in too many ways to say that they definitely show Nessie moving or paddling or swimming in the water.
 







Here is another of those vague video images of what purportedly may be Nessie herself ... this Loch Ness Monster video comes from YouTube, and carries the title "New Loch Ness Monster Video in CCTV News" ... where CCTV News is the China news agency:






The original clip is in Mandarin, showing two news anchor persons, one Asian man, one Asian woman, both probably from China, reporting on the possible Nessie sighting. The segment that we excerpted and shown above, may apparently be showing a Loch Ness Monster type of creature moving in the water ... what you really see is a vague, ill-defined and practically indistinguishable picture, compared to what is claimed may be the Loch Ness Monster itself because of the shadowy 'shape' moving through the water.

If you imagine just a little or even squint a little, you can even convince yourself that it's a plesiosaur! Of course, as Dr. Michael Shermer, Executive Director of the Skeptics Society, said at a presentation at the TED 2006 Conference in California (TED = Technology, Entertainment, Design), that when you are squinting, you are 'transforming' an image from fine grain to coarse grain and thus you are reducing the quality of your data. And, of course, when you are exploring or investigating something, you want better and better quality in your data, and not the reverse (say, by "squinting").


Face on Mars
Dr. Michael Shermer  — "Why People Believe Strange Things"
TED 2006 Conference, Monterey, California.
(TED = Technology, Entertainment, Design)




Download?
CLICK HERE!
(New window will open.)


And, of course, there is always the psychological dimension in all these extraordinary claims ... while looking at photo or video image(s), if you aren't really thinking about the Loch Ness Monster at all, then you may not know what it is that you are viewing or looking at, until someone suggests it to you that it is the Loch Ness Monster ... and straightaway ... you 'see' the Loch Ness Monster in the photo or video image(s).


Carl Sagan (1934-1996) - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.comBasically, the problem with such ill-defined pictures as we have seen in the Loch Ness Monster video images we see above (as well as many still photo images, such as those we show in our web article on 'Cryptozoology - Hoaxes, says SSPIA') is that, the possibility of a hoax becomes almost a highly probable event.

Even if no hoax was actually intended, we have no choice but to reject these images as an interim conclusion (which I refer to as 'Temporary Judgment' in a web article entitled 'Why Mysteries?'). In our examination, investigation, exploration or study (take your pick!) of each of the 'Mysteries of the World', we SHOULD and MUST always bear in mind what the late Dr. Carl Sagan (1934-1996) once said (and he was referring specifically to UFOs, but it applies to all Mysteries of the World), "Precisely because of human fallibility, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence!"

Probably, the only time when what a scientist like Dr. Sagan calls "extraordinary evidence" is not required is when we are talking about what is usually known as 'Religion' ... but then Religion is not Science, Religion is based on 'faith' ...

And in matters (e.g., the 'origin of man' issue) where both Science and Religion have something to say from each's perspective, then it is up to any one individual to make up his or her mind whether to look for "extraordinary evidence" or to believe based on 'faith'.

In the case of the Loch Ness Monster, whether a particular lifeform exists or not — or in this case, whether a prehistoric lifeform has survived the geological times (from the 'early Jurrasic Period', of the 'Mesozoic Era', within the 'Phanerozoic Eon') up to the present day — is not a matter of faith (no matter how much you claim you 'believe' that the Loch Ness Monster exists today): if you make a claim of such magnitude and sensation, then you need to be able to back up your "extraordinary claim" with "extraordinary evidence".

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3.0   Plesiosaur — Cambridge Encyclopedia

Cambridge Encyclopedia Header-Logo - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.comAs we stated above, near the beginning of this web page, it has been thought that the Loch Ness Monster may be a surviving plesiosaur. According to the Cambridge Encyclopedia, "The Loch Ness Monster is reported to resemble a plesiosaur. Arguments against the plesiosaur theory include the fact that the lake is too cold for a cold-blooded animal to survive easily, that air-breathing animals like plesiosaurs would be easily spotted when they surface to breathe, that the lake is too small to support a breeding colony and that the loch itself formed only 10,000 years ago during the last ice age."

That encyclopedia also recorded the following points ...


In an article entitled "What Was the New Zealand Monster?", published in the Oceans Magazine (November 1977), which we are going to look into rather closely in the next section ("New Zealand Monster"), the writer John Koster — who was also the author of The Road to Wounded Knee (together with Robert Burnette; Bantam Books, June 1974) — explained that, "For the benefit of those who have never studied paleontology or seen the movie version of The Land That Time Forgot, a plesiosaur is a marine reptile, a cousin of the dinosaurs which became extinct about 60,000,000 years ago, except in Hollywood and Japanese movies. Plesiosauri were probably fish-eaters — 'they had very good teeth', one scientist observes — and were widely distributed over the world's oceans in the Mesozoic era, or age of the dinosaurs." (see picture below, from Wikipedia)



Geological Periods, Eras & Eons - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com


Below are some pictorial representations of plesiosaurs ...

Plesiosaur - Sea Monsters @ Wikispaces.com - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Plesiosaur - Sea Monsters @ Wikispaces.com



Head & Neck of Plesiosaur - Sea Monsters @ Wikispaces.com - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Head and Neck of Plesiosaur - Sea Monsters @ Wikispaces.com
(enlargement of part of above picture)




Plesiosaur - plesiosauria.com - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Plesiosaur - plesiosauria.com



Plesiosaur - gennet.org - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Plesiosaur - gennet.org - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Plesiosaur - gennet.org - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
Plesiosaur - gennet.org - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com
"The 1977 discovery of a carcass with flippers and what appeared to be a long neck and head, by the Japanese fishing trawler Zuiyo Maru, off New Zealand, created a plesiosaur craze in Japan." — Cambridge Encyclopedia

"Unidentified animal caught in the net of fishing vessel off New Zealand. (Taiyo Fishery Co./Michihiko Yano)" — www.gennet.org/facts/nessie.html


4.0   "New Zealand Monster"

The last four pictures (above) are apparently actual photographs taken by Yano Michihiko — the then 39-old assistant production manager of Taiyo Fisheries Ltd. — who was onboard the Japanese fishing ship Zuiyo Maru, trawling for mackerel off the coast of New Zealand.

On April 25, 1977, the fishermen "snagged a rotting corpse at a depth of 900 feet and hauled in the remains of a beast that no one anywhere seemed to be able to identify", wrote John Koster in the November 1977 edition of Oceans Magazine (pp. 56-59; "What Was the New Zealand Monster?"). Koster is a New Jersey newspaperman and, as we pointed out earlier, the author of The Road to Wounded Knee.

Back to Yano Michihiko — "an intelligent man who had graduated from Yamaguchi Oceanological High School in 1957" (according to Koster's article) — who related the following ...

"It was caught in a trawl net," Yano explained. "The surface of the body was loose and had white fat. I could see flesh here and there, but it was dark red and was rotten. There were no internal organs. Judging from the condition of the red meat, we think it was alive until a month ago. The fat was pulling away in threads like tofu (soybean curd) and the deck turned white. It smelled terrible. The smell was not that of fish, but of an animal. At first I thought it was a whale. I reported, 'It's a rotten whale. What shall we do?' The captain (Akira Tanaka) ordered 'Pull it up as it is.' We wanted to release it in the sea outside the net basin ... It's common practice not to pick up the rotten dead body of a creature because the ships deal with food for human beings ...

"The crewmen knew that if we picked it up, we'd have to clean and sanitize the decks. But we got it untangled from the net and pulled it out with ropes around the middle of the body. The rope wasn't well handled and it fell suddenly. So we lifted the neck and I took the pictures. Cameras are my hobby, but I didn't have my own camera, so I had to borrow one."

According to Yano, "there were eight men on deck, five on the bridge, and two working the net winch. The creature was seen by all of them and several others who heard the noise and looked out of curiosity. In all, it was observed by eighteen crewmen."

Yano took measurements of the carcass: the head was about 45 centimeters long, the neck 1.5 meters long, the four fins were each 1 meter long (with the front fins a little bigger or longer than the back fins), and the body (from the top of the head to the base of the tail) was 6 meters long. Yano also noted that the "well-developed vertebratae" (backbone) were about 45 centimeters long and 15 centimeters thick.

When Yano first returned to Japan aboard a different ship on June 10, 1977, he asked his company darkroom to process the five color snapshots he had taken of the creature. Executives from the Taiyo Fishery Co. were fascinated by the strange beast and enquired of some local scientists, who apparently said the creature was "not a turtle, nor a whale, nor a dolphin ... it's something we've never seen before".

Wrote Koster: "Excited now, the Taiyo officials brought Yano before a second the Taiyo officials brought Yano before a second blue-ribbon panel of eminent marine scientists to try to ascertain what the strange beast had been."

In the press-covered panel discussion with Professors Ikuo Obata and Hiroshi Ozaki of Japan's National Science Museum and Professor Toshio Kasuya, of Tokyo University's Marine Research Center, Yano said, "From seeing only these pictures, it's possible this could look like a rotten seal. In the Antarctic they have the southern elephant seal, which grows to 3.5 meters [long] but the size [6 meters long] doesn't fit."

To which Professor Toshio Kasuya said, "If this had been a seal, the tail would be too long," and Professor Hiroshi Ozaki said , "If this had been a reptile, the number of bones around the neck should be greater, according to the drawing". Professor Ozaki was referring to a simple sketch with measurements that Yano had drawn after his return to Japan some two months after actually examining the creature.

A reporter covering the panel discussion then asked the ominous question, "Could the New Zealand monster have been a dinosaur?" To which Professor Ikuo Obata replied cautiously, "It's easier to survive in the sea than on land. One theory is that the creature is a mammal, and the other is that it is a long-necked monster ... [plesiosaur]. And there are many points that don't fit the mammal theory. Within my knowledge, it looks like a plesiosaur. But I can't say for sure unless I have the skull and vertebrae to examine."

Professor Ozaki disagreed with the "Nessie" / plesiosaur theory, saying "If it's not a sea monster, it could be either a mammal or a fish, but I don't think it's a fish." To which , Professor Kasuva agreed, "If it were a shark, the spine would be smaller. And the neck itself is too long as shown in the picture. I think we can exclude the fish theory."

Thus, most of the panel agreed to discount the fish theory, so that, as Professor Obata concluded, "It must be either a mammal or a reptile. But with the materials we have, we can't judge which one."

The mammal theory was soon disposed of on two fronts by the Japanese scientists ...

The July 21, 1977, edition of the Japanese broadsheet, Asahi Shimbun — which broke the news of the strange "monster" to the world on that day — quoted Professor Yoshinori Imaizumi of Japan's National Science Museum as saying, "It's not a fish, whale, or any other mammal. It's a reptile, and the sketch looks very like a plesiosaur. This was a precious and important discovery for human beings. It seems to show that these animals are not extinct after all."

This did not go down well with Western scientists. As John Koster wrote:

To Japanese scientists who examined the available evidence left in the New Zealand monster's foul-smelling wake, the most likely candidate for identification seemed to be the plesiosaur."

Nonsense! shouted back the American and British scientific communities, and not a few people in Japan, where the New Zealand monster was front-page news for weeks. Rather than face the stinking carcass of a dinosaur apparently deceased not more than thirty days, paleontologists, mammalogists and marine biologists all over the world advanced their own theories — it was a seal, a whale, a basking shark, ... but no theory, whether prehistoric [or] mundane, was completely adequate to explain away the 4,000-pound, 32-foot body, which was examined, photographed five times, clipped for tissue samples, and then dumped back into the sea for fear it would contaminate the Zuiyo Maru's catch of fish.

[...]

"It's baloney," said Dr. Bobby Schaeffer, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. "Every ten years or so, something is found, usually in the Pacific, and people think it's a dinosaur. And it always turns out to be a basking shark, or an adolescent whale. When sharks find a dead whale, they have a merry old time, and the half-eaten corpse looks like a dinosaur skeleton."

British scientists, even more distant, were much less impressed. While the colony of true believers around Loch Ness hailed the discovery as proof that Nessie had living relatives, most academics scoffed at the very idea. Dr. Alwyne Wheeler, of London's Natural History Museum, said the corpse was probably a shark. "Sharks are cartilaginous fish," he explained in the New Scientist, July 28, 1977. "When they start to decompose after death, the head and gills are first to drop from the body . . . Greater experts than the Japanese fishermen have been foiled by the similarity of shark remains to a plesiosaur."

[...]

A Scottish zoologist, Dr. Alan Fraser-Brunner, aquarium curator at the Edinburgh Zoo, blasted the Nessie theory. He said the body was "at once recognizable to a zoologist as that of a dead sea lion ... that the estimate of length and weight must be an exaggeration, and that ... as seems to be the rule with 'monsters' we are left with no evidence except an indistinct photograph, but it is clear enough to show that the animal was mammalian. Nothing about it resembles a plesiosaur, which was a reptile."

Unfortunately for Dr. Fraser-Brunner, Yano — besides taking pictures of the creature — had also taken tissue samples of fibrous material from one of the fins for analysis. The tests began on these specimens as soon as Yano returned to Japan on June 10, 1977.

The test reports came in about a week after the news of the "monster" first broke on July 21, 1977, in the Asahi Shimbun. Wrote Koster:

"Using a method known as ion-exchange chromatography to determine the amino-acid structure of the protein in the fibrous strands Yano had given him, Dr. Shigeru Kimura, a biochemist at the Tokyo University school of fisheries, found that for every 1,000 units of amino acids in the monster tissue, 40 were of a type called tyrosine. The amino-acid structure of a blue shark's fin averaged 44 units of tyrosine per 1,000 of amino acids which, Kimura said, represented a remarkable correlation.

"Among fish, it is known that only sharks and rays have the type of protein called elastoidin," Dr. Kimura said. "But as for reptiles, I do not think there is relevant data, even abroad." He added that the protein could not have come from a mammal's skin or hair. Thus, chemically, the monster may have been either a fish or, possibly, a reptile, but not a mammal.

So Dr. Fraser-Brunner's conclusion of a mammalian origin did not quite agree with Dr. Kimura's test results. And Koster wrote that "one would have thought that his [Dr. Fraser-Brunner's] assertion that the creature had been a seal would have prompted amusement. Instead, several Japanese, mostly laymen, agreed with him. Others took the position that the creature was a shark, ignoring Yano's description of a clearly defined spinal column, the absence of any dorsal fin, and the small size of the examined head, none of which fit the morphological features of a shark."

A few words of caution came from Professor Tokio Shikama, a paleontologist at the Yokohama National University, who said, "Even if the tissue contains the same protein as the shark's, it is rash to say that the monster is a shark. The finding is not enough to refute a speculation that the monster is a plesiosaur."

So, again, the Japanese scientists — from the panel of scientists, from Japan's National Science Museum, and from Tokyo University — all agreed that the strange "monster" was not any kind of fish (such as a large basking shark) ... nor any kind of aquatic mammal (such as a sea-lion seal or a whale).

As John Koster wrote this ending in his article, "In the end, everybody's individual preconceptions won out. Those who were prepared to believe in living plesiosauri were convinced or nearly so, while those who refused to believe found nothing to change their minds. For the open-minded skeptics, or for those who were just plain curious, the New Zealand monster remains one of the most tantalizing enigmas of the sea."

It should be noted that the coelacanth, which scientists thought was extinct about 60,000,000 years ago, was discovered alive and virtually unchanged off the coast of Madagascar in 1938. So we have on record of at least one case of a prehistoric creature being alive and well, today in the modern era.

Anyway, the Cambridge Encyclopedia entry on Plesiosaur begins by explaining that it is:

A marine reptile known from the Mesozoic era; body broad and compact, with large limbs developed as paddles; neck typically long, head small with a long snout bearing sharp teeth for feeding on fish; short-necked forms known aspliosaurs. (Order: Sauropterygia.)

Plesiosaurs ... (Greek: plesios meaning 'near' or 'close to' and sauros meaning 'lizard') were carnivorous aquatic (mostly marine) reptiles.

Plesiosaurs (sensu Plesiosauroidea) first appeared at the very start of the Jurassic Period and thrived until the K-T extinction, at the end of the Cretaceous Period.

The first plesiosaur skeletons were found in England by Mary Anning, in the early 1800s.

It is occasionally claimed that plesiosaurs are not extinct, although the evidence for this belief is generally not accepted in the scientific world.


5.0   Wikipedia

Wikipedia logo - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.comThe free online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, has grown up so much and so fast that it has become such an ubiquitous source of information, and the Site Build It! (SBI!) package that I use to create this 'Mysteries of the World' website lists it as the top 3 sites ranked by Alexa.com for the keyword "loch ness monster" ... the first two were YouTube web pages (!) with video clips bearing these titles:
  1. "Toyota Tacoma Loch Ness Monster Ad"
  2. "New Loch Ness Monster Video in CCTV News"


Anyway, according to Wikipedia (adapted/re-paragraphed) ...

Loch Ness Monster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.comThe Loch Ness Monster (Nessiteras rhombopteryx) is an alleged animal, identified neither as to a family or species, purportedly inhabiting Scotland's Loch Ness.

Map of Loch Ness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Wikipedia's own article or entry on "Loch Ness" states that:

Loch Ness (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nis) is a large, deep, freshwater loch in the Scottish Highlands ( ... 57°18'N, 4°27'W) extending for approximately 37 km (23 miles) southwest of Inverness. Its surface is 15.8 meters (52 ft) above sea level.

Loch Ness is best known for the alleged sightings of the legendary Loch Ness Monster, also known as "Nessie"."

It is connected at the southern end by the River Oich and a section of the Caledonian Canal to Loch Oich.

At the northern end there is the Bona Narrows which opens out into Loch Dochfour, which feeds the River Ness and a further section of canal to Inverness.

It is one of a series of interconnected, murky bodies of water in Scotland; its water visibility is exceptionally low due to a high peat content in the surrounding soil.

An entry in Wikipedia on "Loch" explains that:

A loch (usually Lough as a name element outside Scotland) is a body of water which is either:
  • a lake or;
  • a sea inlet, which may be also a firth, fjord, estuary or bay.

Sea-inlet lochs are often called sea lochs.

To continue with the Wikipedia article on the Loch Ness Monster ...

The Loch Ness Monster is one of the best-known cryptids studied by cryptozoology.

Popular belief and interest in the animal has fluctuated over the years since it came to the world's attention in 1933.

Evidence of its existence is largely anecdotal, with minimal, and much disputed, photographic material and sonar readings: there has not been any physical evidence (skeletal remains, capture of a live animal, definitive tissue samples or spoor) uncovered as of 2008.

Local people, and later many around the world, have affectionately referred to the animal by the diminutive Nessie (Scottish Gaelic: "Niseag") since the 1950s.

Origins

The term "monster" was reportedly coined on 2 May 1933 by Alex Campbell, the water bailiff for Loch Ness [water bailiff: "a law enforcement officer responsible for the policing of bodies of water, such as a river, lake or coast" — Wikipedia] and a part-time journalist, in a report in the Inverness Courier [Wikipedia cites The Sun 27 November 1975].

On 4 August 1933, the Courier published as a full news item the claim of a London man named George Spicer that, a few weeks earlier, while motoring around the Loch, he and his wife had seen "the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that I have ever seen in my life", trundling across the road toward the Loch carrying "an animal" in its mouth.

The following month, another letter came from a veterinary student reporting a similar encounter while on a night drive.

These stories soon reached the national (and later the international) press, which talked of a 'monster fish', 'sea serpent' or 'dragon', eventually settling on 'Loch Ness Monster' [Wikipedia cites Daily Mirror, 11 August 1933; Wikipedia also cites the Oxford English Dictionary as giving 9 June 1933 as the first usage of the exact phrase Loch Ness monster].

To continue with the Wikipedia article on the Loch Ness Monster ...

On 6 December 1933 the first photograph (taken by Hugh Gray) was published [here Wikipedia cites R. P. Mackal (1983) The Monsters of Loch Ness page 94], and the creature received official recognition from the Secretary of State for Scotland, ordering the police to prevent any attacks on it [here Wikipedia cites Daily Mirror 8 December 1933 "The Monster of Loch Ness - Official! Orders That Nobody is to Attack it .... A Huge Eel?"].

Other letters began appearing in the Courier, often anonymously, with claims of land or water sightings, either on the writer's part or on the parts of family, acquaintances or stories they remembered being told.

In 1934, interest was further sparked by what is known as The Surgeon's Photograph. In the same year R. T. Gould published a book [here Wikipedia cites Gould, Rupert T. (1934). The Loch Ness Monster and Others. London: Geoffrey Bles.], the first of many which describe the author's personal investigation and collected record of additional reports pre-dating the summer of 1933.

Subsequent investigations by other agents over the ensuing decades added additional material which was eventually woven into a continuum of sightings dating from the 6th century A.D. to the present, and which appeared to present a strong case for the existence of a large, possibly unknown and certainly unidentified animal or family of animals living in Loch Ness.

However, some people, such as Robert H. Rines, believe that the last few creatures died out in the 20th century [Wikipedia cites Boston Globe Feb 11, 2008 "Loch Ness monster quest nears end"].


6.0   Postscript

This web page is a preliminary look-see at the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster, if indeed the creature exists ... Mainstream, Establishment-types regard this entire matter as of the Fringe, of course.
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It is my sincere hope that you are not, or have not become, so gullible as to fall for anything bogus or nonsensical or farcical, such as falling for stuff like "Astrology" or "I-ching" or some such similar garbage ... including falling for anything that is featured, as a warning, in our public service webpages — our entire Mysteries of the World / MOTW Website is geared to warn readers and viewers of these scams, hoaxes, frauds and tricks, in other words, we are asking you to beware and be aware!

It is intellectually dishonest to believe in something that is not true, even if it is profitable (that is, even if it makes you a lot of mullah, money, cash, whatever); surely, you are not chained to the "bean-counter" mentality, are you? Because if you are, that is really, really sad!

If you want to be liberated or if you want to awaken, then walk away from that which is not the truth! ("The truth shall make you free", says the Bible, right? Yes!) Especially, don't be so chained to the money, that you become "richly asleep", unable to awaken from the nightmare of your own making that has ensnared you!

As Stephen Batchelor

[Buddhism Without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening;
see also Living with the Devil aka ego or Mara]
puts it:
"A person who is asleep is either lost in deep unconsciousness or absorbed in a dream [or nightmare! — Paul Quek]. ... An unawakened existence, in which we drift unaware on a surge of habitual impulses, is both ignoble and undignified."

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Check out the following caveats/warnings/remarks on handling what are purported to be "Mysteries" ... the caveats/warnings/remarks are presented below our usual SBI! ads at the bottom of the webpage.

'Nuff said!

Cheers!

Paul Quek
Webmeister
Woodlands, Singapore


P.S. Some people ask me who is that cute PYT at the top of this web page ... is she my girlfriend, they ask slyly? "I wish!", I replied, if not slyly, at least dreamingly.


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The liberation of the human mind has never been furthered by dunderheads; it has been furthered by gay fellows who heaved dead cats into sanctuaries and then went roistering down the highways of the world, proving to all men that doubt, after all, was safe — that the god in the sanctuary was finite in his power and hence a fraud. One horse-laugh is worth ten thousand syllogisms. It is not only more effective; it is also vastly more intelligent.
— H.L. Mencken


Originated via SBI — for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com


The Complete Book of the Unexplained

A Thrilling Exploration of the Earth's Most Baffling Mysteries

The Complete Book of the Unexplained is a gripping anthology of the world's most mystifying conundrums.

From eerie tales of curses, witchcraft and ghosts, to miraculous accounts of religious visitations and angels, it covers the complete spectrum of the unexplained.


Combining scientific research, witness accounts and historical evidence, the authors recount the most bizarre episodes of our planet — and beyond — in vivid detail.

Intriguing secrets of lost civilizations, alien abductions, mystical places, mythical beasts and stories of life on Mars are revealed, along with tales of individuals whose remarkable psychic powers have set them apart.

Guaranteed to astonish and intrigue, The Complete Book of the Unexplained sheds new light on the deepest, most awesome secrets of the universe.
— Lucy Doncaster, Karen Farrington, and Andrew Holland
    The Complete Book of the Unexplained
    A Thrilling Exploration of the Earth's Most Baffling Mysteries
    [Adapted]


Truth in an Age of Deception



SBI! - Truth Worth Striving For — for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com


The Weird 100


"TAKE A WALK ON THE WEIRD SIDE"


Sure, everyone's had the occasional odd experience — the car keys vanishing from your kitchen table, déjà vu, the case of the disappearing beer.

Most of them can be explained away. (The dog took your keys; you really have been here before; your roommate drank the beer.)

But what about the true enigmas, the puzzles of science and the universe that can't be so easily dismissed?


Questions such as:
  • "Who built the baffling monuments on Easter Island?"

  • "Did the 'lost' city of Atlantis ever really exist?"

  • "What is behind the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle?"


In this fascinating compendium, Stephen Spignesi presents one hundred of the strangest, most mystifying riddles on earth including: angels and zombies, near-death experiences, crop circles, poltergeists, auras and halos, Nostradamus's predictions, possession and exorcism, The Philadelphia Experiment, reincarnation and past-life regression, Stonehenge, time travel, legendary beasts and mythological creatures, and more!

Filled with dramatic photos and drawings, as well as "pro" and "con" evidence from believers and skeptics alike, THE WEIRD 100 explores the unbelievable while proving that life is a lot more interesting — and infinitely weirder — than we ever imagined.
— Stephen J. Spignesi
     The Weird 100
     [Adapted]


Telling the Truth (About Santa, Etc. ...)

Most western parents feel guilty about Santa Claus. When the time comes to face the question about whether Santa 'really' exists, they feel like slayers of children's innocence or exploiters of their credulity, or both. In cultures without Santa, other mythical gift-bearers generate similar family crises.

One mother I know cheerfully admitted that the whole story was hokum and forfeited her children's trust for the rest of her life. A father of my acquaintance tried to stress the poetic truth of the tale and faced an embarrassing interrogation about his hocus-pocus with Santa suits, Christmas stockings and half-eaten mince pies. Another said, 'It's true about Santa the way it's true in the book that Long John Silver was a pirate.' 'So it's not true,' his little boy replied. An academic couple, after discussing it thoroughly between themselves, decided to tell their children, 'It's true that Santa brings you your presents in the same way that we speak of the wind hurrying or the sun smiling.' The little boy and girl, who concluded that the sun and wind exist and that Santa does not, never forgave them for this evasion.

A schoolmaster who taught my own children and had a very pious little girl tried saying that the Santa story was a parable: 'You don't suppose,' he said, 'that the things Jesus told in the parables actually happened, do you?' The child ceased to be pious. Fellow-Catholics gave me rival advice. 'Tell your boys,' one said, 'that the Santa story is an attempt to express the divine love that is reflected in parents' love for their children.' I felt this was good doctrine but that there was no place for Santa in it. 'Of course Santa exists,' the other asserted. 'He's Saint Nicholas, mediating for children.' I was prepared to admit this but felt that it tended to make the image of the gift-bearer pagan and abominable - which, I suppose, it is. I still feel the Santa tale is more than just another of the falsehoods we invent to manipulate our victims but I have not yet found the sense in which it is true or a way of expressing it which exactly fits the facts.

-- Thomas Dunne, Truth - A History and a Guide for the Perplexed (1997)


Science & Our Beliefs

We are living in an age in which religion has lost its power, in an age where scientific belief reigns supreme. In this situation, the rational explanations that scientific research provide for the phenomena around us are convincing, and we can no longer feel satisfied with the spiritual explanations that had such a powerful role in the development of western civilization up to the eighteenth century.

Science has illuminated so many of the corners which were unknown to our ancestors that we have come to accept scientific explanations in preference to religious explanations.

But belief in science, that is materialism, cannot satisfy us as a full explanation of reality because it is a one-sided view. Science can explain how, but it cannot explain why. Science cannot provide us with an ethical or moral basis for living our daily lives.

In this situation many people feel a loss of direction. They cannot find a belief system to follow. Science does not satisfy their need for moral guidance. Traditional religions are not believable in the face of scientific discovery. They can see no pattern in the way that life unfolds, and things seem hopeless.

In Japan today, most people have no religion. This may seems strange to people of other countries but it is true. The national religion of "Tennosei" or Emperor worship, a religion which was part political manipulation and part fanaticism, perished with Japan's defeat in World War II, and since that time most Japanese have followed the path of materialism in their efforts to rebuild an abundant and comfortable society. This lack of religious belief is increasingly troubling the young people of Japan.

[The same lack is obviously present in most countries. - Paul Quek]

[ ... ]
   — From "Foreward" by Gudo Wafu Nishijima
Tokyo (1999)
in Eido Michael Luetchford's
Introduction to Buddhism & the Practice of Zazen:
The Teachings of Gudo Nishijima Roshi

SPECIAL WEB ARTICLE

If you believe that the Cold War is over, that the KGB is no longer active, that Russian or Soviet Communism is dead, that Siberian incarceration is over, etc., etc., etc. ... think again!

And if you think that the UFO phenomenon is just for the fringe crowd, the kooks, the 'need to get a life' layabouts, and the pseudoscientists, etc., etc., etc. ... think again!

Click here to reach for the 9-part video on The Secret KGB UFO Files, narrated by the one and only Roger Moore, of 007 James Bond and The Saint fame.

The videos are a bit longish than perhaps necessary ... and there are some boring parts, here and there, especially for the 'fast crowd' with byte-sized attention spans ... but nevertheless the 9-part YouTube video is an eye-opener of a documentary produced and aired during the last years of the 20th century (specifically, in 1998).

UFOs are serious stuff to the Russians ... so don't take things too lightly! Especially in this new 21st Century ...

If the Russians think UFOs are real, and if they think they can reverse-engineer UFO-Alien technology to their political, economic, military and security (PEMS) advantage ... well, the 21st Century might just become a Russian century, and we might all just be sipping illegal Volka in underground resistance-movement hideaways (much like the French Resistance folks back during the Second World War)!

Now ... do things begin to take on a new light?

 

What the Mysteries-of-the-World (MOTW) Website is about ...



In general, we are a website about the Mysteries of the Universe (where 'World' = 'Universe') ... and the term 'Mysteries of the Universe', of course, encompasses the more staid and serious scientific Mysteries about the Cosmos, aka Universe, including such mysterious topics as Supernovas, Black Holes, Red Dwarfs, Pulsars, Neutron Stars, and Galactic Superclusters, Clusters and Groups ....

For the more sensationalised Mysteries, we are thus also a site that examines the Mysteries surrounding the controversial and perennially-interesting Roswell Incident, UFOs, Aliens, Anti-gravity Propulsion Systems and the like ...

We also deal with

  • Strange & Elusive Creatures — which we may also called Cryptic Creatures, or Cryptozoological Creatures (or, simply, "Cryptids") — such as the Loch Ness Monster in Scotland and Bigfoot in the USA (so that on this site, you will eventually find a comprehensive Index of all so-called Cryptids);

  • Puzzling Places — also known as (aka) Phenomenal Places — such as the Bermuda Triangle (aka Devil's Triangle) off the coast of Florida where many or several planes and ships have mysteriously and completely disappeared (there will be an Index of such Puzzling, or Phenomenal, Places);

  • Alluring Artifacts — aka Alluring Artwork or Curious Artifacts & Artwork — such as the Baghdad Battery and Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa (aka the 'Magdalene'??? — maybe!) (there will be an Index of such Alluring, or Curious, Artifacts & Artwork);

  • Monstrous (and/or Mystifying, and/or Mysterious, and/or Marvellous) Monoliths, Megaliths and Monuments such as Stonehenge in England; Ancient Pyramids & Ziggurats in Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, and Latin America; and the Sphinx in Egypt (there will be an Index of such Strange Stonework, Mindbending Metalwork & Wonderful-Wondrous Woodwork); and

  • Spellbinding Bible and Jesus Mysteries & Codes (e.g., Da Vinci Code and the 'Magdalene') as well as other Strange Religious Mysteries and Mystery Religions (there simply will be a humongous Index of such Religious Mysteries, due to the human race's predilection for, and pre-occupation with, the Divine, the Spiritual and the Transcendental);

and so on and so forth (other examples of Indexes/Indices will become available) ...

Along the way, we will examine unusual topics such as

  • Eastern Mysteries (e.g., Zen & Its Mysteries; Death Touch; Shaolin Kung Fu),

  • Love/Sex Mysteries (e.g., Mystery of Love; Sex Appeal Mystery), and even

  • Intriguing Individuals (such as Quetzalcoatl; King Arthur; Prester John; Robin Hood aka Robin of Loxley; Jack the Ripper; Hitler; even Yahushua/Yesua Marshiach aka Iesous Christos aka Jesus the Christ) ...

And, we will also explore to the full the meanings of such terms as

  • 'Bogosity',

  • 'Unexplained Mysteries',

  • 'Unsolved Mysteries', etc ...

This includes an examination of the various terms associated with what I call 'The Fringe' — 

  • 'Fringe Science',

  • 'Pseudo-science',

  • 'Weird Science',

  • 'Bad Science',

  • various pseudo- or alternative fields (e.g., pseudo-history; alternative archaeology; alternative geology; Creationism; Intelligent Design), and

  • 'Conspiracy Theories' (e.g., 911; Lincoln Assassination; JFK Assassination),

  • 'Urban Legends or Urban Myths' (e.g., "crocodile in the sewers"), and the like.

Eventually, this site will grow to such an extent that it really will become an all-inclusive and comprehensive Index of these and other Mysteries of the World ... proceeding from the Index Page, to every other webpage and every 'web article' ...

As we are still an evolving site (and blog), our current system of arranging the Index of Mysteries (as it were) is a tentative one ... ultimately, we will achieve an Index (or system of pointers) that can bring you, the reader-cum-viewer, to each and every known Mystery, either directly or via various cross-referencings ... The Science of the Librarian will come in handy here, I am sure!

To re-iterate: this site will eventually become an all-inclusive and comprehensive Index of Mysteries ... such an Index cannot be build up in a day, even with an army of eager beavers at work ... so that the Index will be growing, day after day, week after week ... Wish us luck and pray for us for God's blessing on this project.

Caveats to Mysteries Explorers, Investigators & Students ...



In this web site, our aim is to see whether we are any nearer to understanding the 'Mysteries', and even perhaps to see whether we are close to 'solving' them or reaching some other kind of closure.

Please note that, although I am not a scientist, I am quite Science-grounded so that this site is also Science-grounded ... and I embrace such ideas as are embodied in:

  1. Occam's Razor, or the principle of parsimony — to look for the simpler explanation or solution.

    The following brief note from Louise B. Young's The Unfinished Universe (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986) is rather interesting and pertinent:

    ... it sometimes happens that the same set of facts can be explained in two or more different ways; when this happens the simplest explanation is preferred. A principle known as "Ockham's razor" (proposed by William of Ockham in the fourteenth century) says that it is unsound to set up more than one hypothesis to explain a phenomenon when one will suffice. And this principle has been respected throughout scientific history. The significance and elegance of a scientific theory are measured by its simplicity and the degree to which it makes sense out of what appeared to be unrelated and disorderly facts.

  2. the cautionary exhortation of the Nobel-prize winning physicist Dr. Richard Feynman — that the easiest person to fool is ourselves, and that we should be aware that we do not get caught up in 'cargo cult' sciences and practices (of the advertising people, politicians, educationalists, sociological sciences, especially);

  3. the admonition of CSI (previously CSICOP) founders Dr. Carl Sagan and Professor Marcello Truzzi, to any investigator and explorer and student — that "Extraordinary claims require or demand extraordinary evidence (or proof)"; and

  4. the mind- and eye-opening presentations and writings of Dr. Michael Shermer, Executive Director of the Skeptics Society and Publisher of the Skeptics Magazine — e.g., how our "cognitive bias" (which could be inborn-innate, learnt, and even suggested to us by another person) make us believe in "strange things" or "weird ideas", such that these bias affect what we think we 'see' or 'hear' or 'perceive', especially when we fool ourselves in seeking and seeing familiar patterns such as faces, figures and pyramids on Mars ... or the Madonna on bread buns and glass fronts and tree barks ... or the Loch Ness 'monster' and plesiosaurs and so-called 'paranormal creatures' or 'cryptids (cryptozoological creatures)' and also UFOs and ETs/Aliens in vague photos and videos (usually at someone's suggestion) ... or even hearing the word 'Satan' and 'Hell' in reverse-playing music or songs (and this recognition can dramatically increase after someone's suggestion of the keywords to listen out for)!

    However, note the following caution from Dr. David Noel Friedman (who is described as a "Dead Sea Scrolls Scholar for Over 50 Years") and Dr. Pam Fox Kuhlken in their book What Are the Dead Sea Scrolls and Why Do They Matter? (Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, 2007):

    Two favorite mantras of mine are "Be skeptical", which you have to be if you're a scholar, and "Be especially skeptical of the skeptics", because skepticism is too easy a position to assume. If someone routinely says of every new discovery, "It's a fake", then they dismiss it and it's over for them. They never have to change their minds or consider new ideas. The fact is, every new discovery may open a door we didn't even know was there.

    I'll tell you something about spotting fakes, though. The fact that we have found something we haven't seen before or don't understand doesn't necessarily indicate a forgery. On the contrary, if it's a fake, we would expect it to conform very precisely to authentic material that has already been found. Otherwise it wouldn't convince anyone. Who would take a chance like that? And the argument that fakes turn out to be clumsy is self-defeating, because that would mean that a fake attempts to be exposed, when it actually intends to elude detection.

More Caveats ...



It's incredible the things that people believes in ... such as Cryptozoology, with its collection of impossible-to-find 'cryptids' (aka 'paranormal' creatures), prominent examples of which are Bigfoot or Sasquatch , the Loch Ness Monster, Skunky, and Chupacabra.

"Penn & Teller [Bullshit!] - Cryptozoology" (Excerpt)

And, of course ... as an intelligent and non-gullible person, you should not believe in such nonsense, unless there is proof!

Extraordinary claims must be accompanied by extraordinary evidence or proof. But so far, no such evidence or proof has been offered that would satisfy anyone whose explorations are reality-based or whose investigations are truth-based ... such reality- and truth-based explorations-investigations are conducted by the mainstream scientists (like the late Nobel-prize winning physicist and all-round maverick, prankster and amateur bongo player, Dr. Richard Feynman) as well as by the professional skeptics (such as the famous and much-sought after speaker who is also the Executive Director of the Skeptics Society, Dr. Michael Shermer).

It is so easy to fool ourselves — many of us are surprised to learn that the easiest person to fool is often ourselves! — as Dr. Feynman warned us when he gave a lecture about Science, especially that bogus variety that he called "cargo cult science".

We also tend to see what we want to see or we believe what we want to believe — as Dr. Shermer observes and cautions in his writings and many presentations in conferences and appearances on TV. "Cognitive bias" and/or "perceptual errors" are terms that Dr. Shermer uses to refer to the matter.

Besides errors of cognition, there is also a tendency to interpret many things according to our affective bias, meaning an emotive state which is engendered by being easily influenced emotionally by events ... And we should be aware that we also may be plagued with 'selective memory' to boot, so that we interpret events out of the time sequence in order to fit our beliefs, prejudices and interpretations of the events ...

Unknowingly, many people suffer from both cognitive and affective biasnesses — I happen to know a few of them in the real world, but these people don't seem to live in the real world ...

For example, while declaring themselves as members of 'the church' or 'the true church' or 'the universal church' or some such nomenclatural claptrap

— which means a situation of 'rituals without relationship' with God; where they practise or embrace non-Biblical 'traditions' and ideas, including pagan ideas such as the Winter Solstice festival known as Christmas, or such as the Spring Equinox-related festival known as Easter, or such as the 'Good Friday' which can't obviously be true because the Gospels say that the Messiah rose on Sunday morning after having declared he will be dead for 3 days and 3 nights and it will be nothing less than the sign of Jonah who also was in the belly of the marine beastie for the same duration ... etc., etc., etc., etc., etc. ... especially as many of these traditions and ideas are explained in extra-Bible sources and appear nowhere in the 'canonical' books; or they believe in such nonsense as "Perpetual Virginity", and they break the Second of the Ten Commandments with their crucifixes, crosses, statues, stained glasses, and pictures, etc.; in other words, they've got their religion, which is simply equal to 'form without power'; —
they still secretly [sheesh ... mustn't let the priest or deacon know about it!] consult the I-Ching book as well as Feng Shui 'masters' (or other equally esoteric texts or so-called 'authorities' or 'gurus') when going about their lives, e.g., when buying properties/real-estate, or decorating or renovating their homes, or making investment decisions, or planning some trip or journey!

And they use traditional or alternative or folk medicine when sick or unwell ... unless the illness is really something major or life-threatening, in which case, suddenly Western medicine, or surgery, or therapy, seems to be the Real Deal ... or Real Thing!

It's so sad to see such delusions and gullibility operating in their lives!

They really need to get a handle on their lives — they really need to "get a real, scientific life"!

They are so proud that they are so 'open-minded', being able to visit this or that shrine or temple or place of worship, etc., etc., etc., ... showing respect to idols of stone and metal and wood. Actually, their minds are so 'open' that they haven't got any to speak of or to use!

As Penn & Teller would say, it's all unadulterated BULLSHIT ... and, perhaps, horseshit as well!

Let's look for the simpler explanation rather than the dramatic or sensational, and often, impossible, explanation — applying with care the principle of parsimony (where less is often better), or Occam's Razor.

Remember: a possibility does not equal to a reality! Many things are 'possible'; they have a tiny chance or probability of occurring, but they usually do not happen or cannot happen at all.

Finally, if you want to see if you are delusional, biased, prejudiced, gullible, and totally ungrounded in reality or Science, then check out whether you have fallen into the trap that I call 'The Fringe'.

This website is predicated on the basis of the following categorization of the Sciences ...

Four Categories of Science

By Stanton T. Friedman (Former Nuclear Physicist)

Some people have insisted that if I can't provide a piece of a [flying] saucer or an alien body, there is nothing to support my claims. I was quite surprised during my last visit with Carl Sagan in December 1992, when he claimed that the essence of the scientific method was reproducibility. In actuality, as I wrote Sagan later on, there are at least four different kinds of science:

  1. [Category-1 Science]  Yes, there is a lot of excellent science done by people who set up an experiment in which they can control all the variables and equipment. They make measurements and then publish their results, after peer review, and describe their equipment, instruments, and activity in detail so that others can duplicate the work and, presumably, come to the same conclusions. Such science can be very satisfying, and certainly can contribute to the advancement of knowledge. However, it is not the only kind of science.

  2. [Category-2 Science]  A second kind of science involves situations in which one cannot control all the variables, but can predict some. For example, I cannot prove that on occasion the moon comes directly between the sun and the Earth and casts a shadow of darkness on the Earth, because I cannot control the positions of the Earth, moon, or sun. What can be done is predicting the times when such eclipses will happen and being ready to make observations when they occur. Hopefully the weather where I have my instruments will allow me to make lots of measurements.

  3. [Category-3 Science]  A third kind of science involves events that can neither be predicted nor controlled, but one can be ready to make measurements if something does happen. For example, an array of seismographs can be established to allow measurements to be made at several locations in the event of an earthquake. When I was at the University of Chicago, a block of nuclear emulsion was attached to a large balloon that would be released when a radiation detector indicated that a solar storm had occurred (something we could neither produce nor predict). Somebody would rush to Stagg Field and release the balloon. When the balloon was retrieved, the emulsion would be carefully examined to measure the number, direction, velocity, and mass characteristics of particles unleashed by the sun.

  4. [Category-4 Science]  Finally, there is a fourth kind of science, still using the rules to attack difficult problems. These are the events that involve intelligence, such as airplane crashes, murders, rapes, and automobile accidents. We do not know when or where they will occur, but we do know they will. In a typical year more than 40,000 Americans will be killed in automobile accidents. We don't know where or when, so rarely are TV cameras whirling when these events take place. But we can, after the fact, collect and evaluate evidence. We can determine if the driver had high levels of alcohol in his or her blood, whether the brakes failed, whether the visibility was poor, where a skid started, and so on. Observations of strange phenomena in the sky come under this last category.

In all the category-4 events, we must obtain as much testimony from witnesses as possible. Some testimony is worth more than other testimony, perhaps because of the duration of observation, the nearness of the witnesses to the event, the specialized training of the observer, the availability of corroborative evidence such as videos and still photos, or the consistency of evidence when there is testimony from more than one witness. Our entire legal system is based on testimony — rarely is there conclusive proof such as DNA matching. Judges and juries must decide, with appropriate cross-examination, who is telling the truth. In some states, testimony from one witness can lead to the death penalty for the accused.

We should take note of the fact that even instrument data is dependent on testimony from the observer of the instruments, and on appropriate calibration and validation under standardized circumstances. Also, our courts place limits on requirements for testimony, such as that against one spouse by the other. Furthermore, there are rules about hearsay testimony, and rules regarding legal evidence are complex and detailed.

When it comes to flying saucers, we must remember that the reason most sightings can be determined to be relatively conventional phenomena, often seen under unusual circumstances, is that most people are relatively good observers. The problem comes with the interpretation of what was observed. People watching the sky late at night may get excited about a very bright light that moved very slowly. Checking on the position of the planets at that time may reveal that that light was Venus, because we have good information as to the angle of observation, the direction of the light from the observer, the relatively slow rate of motion, the location of Venus at that time, and so on. On three occasions, when living in Southern California, I was called by people who described an unusual object moving rapidly. I tried to make sure that I analyzed their observations, such as, what time was it? In what direction were you looking? In what direction did it seem to be moving? Was there any sound? What was its apparent size, say, as compared to the moon (just covered by an aspirin held at arm's length)?

Two of the people wanted to tell me that the object was just over the next hill. I stressed that this was an interpretation, because even huge objects far away can seem to be small objects nearby. In all three cases, I felt that what was being described sounded similar to a rocket launched down the California Coast when the sun had gone down, but while the object was high enough to still be in sunlight. I had seen such a spectacular case once myself. I checked, in all three cases, with Vandenberg Air Force Base, which launches many rockets down the U.S. West Coast. Indeed, there had been a launch at the right time in each case. One case was especially intriguing, because several witnesses were looking out across the ocean from a beach area and described the thing they saw as similar to a string of popcorn. It turned out to be the launch of a special weather satellite with extra solid boosters being dropped off multiple times.

The people were good observers. To say the least, it would be irrational to say that people are good observers when their input allows us to identify the object being observed, and yet poor observers if we can't identify the UFO as something conventional.

   — Stanton T. Friedman (Nuclear Physicist)
        Flying Saucers and Science
        Subtitle — A Scientist Investigates the Mysteries of UFOs: Interstellar Travel, Crashes,
           and Government Cover-Ups

        (Chapter 1 - "The Case for the ET Origin of Flying Saucers")
        (Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books, 2008)

Stanton T. Friedman (Nuclear Physicist) - Flying Saucers and Science - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Nine Points to Note

  1. Recently, we added a simple blog so that you would be apprised of the latest changes to the Mysteries of the World Website. To get the updates automatically, CLICK HERE to subscribe to our RSS (you will get a new window or 'tab'). Thanks and cheers!
  2. Warning to the unthinking (and to the control freaks and power junkies) ... You probably won't like the following 'thinking' observation ... But it's an important part of any exploration, investigation, study, etc. of the Mysteries of the World ...

    SEVEN DOORS TO SEVEN ROOMS OF THOUGHT

    1. Accept the statement of Eminent Authority with­out basis, without question.
    2. Disagree with the statement without basis, out of general contrariness.
    3. Perhaps the statement is true, but what if it isn't? How then to account for the phenomenon?
    4. How much of the statement rationalizes to suit man's purpose that he and his shall be ascendant at the centre of things?
    5. What if the minor should become major, the recessive dominant, the obscure prevalent?
    6. What if the statement were reversible, that which is considered effect is really cause?
    7. What if the natural law perceived in one field also operates unperceived in all other phases of science? What if there be only one natural law manifesting itself, as yet, to us in many facets because we cannot apperceive the whole, of which we have gained only the most elementary glimpses, with which we can cope only at the crudest level?

    And are those still other doors, yet undefined, on down the corridor?

     — Mark Clifton
        Eight Keys to Eden
        (London, UK: Pan Books, 1962)

    Eight Keys to Eden -- Kindle e-book:
    CLICK HERE or CLICK HERE

  3. This website — Mysteries of the World Website — aims for simplicity when examining the Mysteries ... Here is a TED talk about the topic of Simplicity (note:- TED = Technology, Entertainment, Design -- check this out: The Future We Will Create: Inside the World of TED) ...

  4. Please do not assume or conclude that, just because I present many views (in the form of textual notes, pictures/stills, and audio and video clips) — as well as many advertisements, some by me and some automatically by Google Adsense and Amazon — on this website, it does not mean that I am in agreement with or that I believe in the views and/or ads offered-proferred ... That would be displaying such a parochial and provincial attitude, towards this website and towards me as well!

    As an ex-military officer, I assure you that I am in the habit of reading, viewing and digesting lots of stuff that I don't necessarily believe in ... We call all the stuff we read, view and digest, 'military intelligence' ... The same applies with 'business intelligence' in the business world, of course.

    Our aim, as usual, is to find out what others (including our friends, enemies, competitors, suppliers, strategic partners, business partners, etc.) believe in. In order to do that effectively, we have to 'get out of the way', so to speak — we have to remove our humongous ego! — else we will never ever really have gotten started in our journey of exploration and discovery of the Mysteries of the World.

    Furthermore, similarly and additionally, as a "Charismatic Christian", there are lots of stuff presented in this website that I do not believe in ... which had even led some to label me as "Fundamentalist"!

    ... Whatever!

    Matthew 7

    1Judge not, that ye be not judged.

    2For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.

    3And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?

    4Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye?

    5Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye.

       — Jesus the Christ
            (Yahoshua ha Mashiach; Yeshua/Yesua; Ieosus; Joshua),
            "Sermon on the Mount"

    If you want to hear the NIV — specifically, from The Visual Bible: Matthew (1993) — please click the audio player below:



    In short, in this website, I present many things that, I am hopeful, would be of interest to a student, explorer and investigator of the Mysteries of the World ... but this doesn't mean that I believe in any of the stuff presented.

    ... Got it?

    ... Right!

  5. Here is a purpose that I am wholeheartedly in agreement with ...

    [Mysteries, Monsters, Mutants, Myths, Miracles & Much More ...]

    Our purpose ... is to describe the rich variety of anomalous, unexplained, sometimes totally bizarre phenomena that people have experienced in all times and places and that are still occurring today. ... the nature of the world and of our existence are quite different from that which we were taught at school. The reality is far more interesting, humorous and expansive than any religious or rational, scientific world-view can possibly accommodate.

    It is not our intention here to dispute anyone's beliefs or theories — but we should like to point out their limitations. There are things that happen in this world - and have occurred throughout the whole of human experience - for which there has never been a lasting explanation. Explanations are temporary products, coming and going in response to fashions. Meanwhile, the happenings they are supposed to explain carry on as mysteriously as ever.

       — John Michell and Bob Rickard
            The Rough Guide to Unexplained Phenomena (Rough Guide Reference)
             (New York, NY: Rough Guides Ltd, 2007)

  6. Here is a sentiment that I am wholeheartedly in agreement with ...
    As I sit down to redo this book for an American audience, what rises before me is last night's dream: I'm in a broad and beautiful land among many trees. It's night. I look up at a huge old tree that's dark against the starry sky in its detail of twig and branch. There is room enough here for all of us, I realize, here in this big, intricately textured park. But I see that some want to cut down the trees and level it out, so huge throngs of people can gather to gaze up at the sun's glare. I watch dark twigs fingering the remote, untouchable stars. A voice speaks: "Don't turn this into a Copernican Garden."

    Waking up, I remember that I went to sleep wondering how to put this book together. And I take "Copernican Garden" to mean a parking lot vista where masses gather to honor the bright sun of traditional science with its old rules as the center of the universe.

    So I will not cut down the trees and level this book out. It is between you and me [or you and I], a conversation as we stroll along in a moonlit fractal garden past webby connections of thought that merge to patterned insight. Here hidden delights nestle in scaling patterns of self-similar but never quite repeating beauty. Here the tree of life hold stars in its branches. No matter how huge, this garden stays human-sized because we have a place in it, you and I. No need to cut down the connective forest and level things out for that bright Sol [sun] of left-brain logic whose daytime dazzle — so close and glaring — can blind us to the myriad constellations beyond.

    [...]

       — Katya Walter, Tao of Chaos
            Sub-title: Merging East and West
            (1994, 1996)

  7. Here is an observation (adapted) made in the Acknowledgement page of a book ...
    It takes many minds to produce a book [including an e-book, of course]. Although most authors [especially of non-fiction books and articles] would prefer not to admit this fact, fundamentally they are merely 'synthesisers' of accumulated knowledge.

    The process of synthesising may unveil a new reality map, or paradigm, which, in due course, will be used by future pioneers to unveil further paradigms.

    This principle was summed up by Sir Isaac Newton when he remarked: "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants".

    [...]

       — Christian von Nidda, Our Secret Planet
            (2005)

  8. Here is an observation about UFO-Aliens cover-up or conspiracy that may be of general interest, although some readers would not agree with the observation (e.g., they may say that some whistleblowers, such as Bob Lazar on the Roswell-type flying saucers in secret Area-51 labs, have already come forward) ...
    If any long-term coherent cover up of UFO information does exist, however, then it must operate at all levels of government and the media. It must encompass all the relevant written materials, from the briefest handwritten note in government files to entries in squadron log books to letters in the personal papers of members of the Establishment. Hundreds of politicians, service personnel, police officers, clerks and officials, over half a century, would be required to excise any reference to the reality of UFOs from official documents and the media. The number of people who would have taken part in this cover up would be vast, yet not one person has broken ranks to 'blow the whistle' on the greatest story ever told. Meantime, millions of dollars are being spent every day on space probes and radio telescopes that are searching for evidence of alien life. Would there be any reason for a conspiracy of silence if that evidence already existed?

       — Dr David Clarke and Andy Roberts, Out of the Shadows
            (2002)

  9. Even though I am a "Charismatic Christian", the views presented herewith, in this Mysteries of the World Website, will NOT be colored by this fact of being a Charismatic Christian. Rather, where and when I find it necessary (and usually, I would NOT find it necessary, since I find it tiresome to repeat myself, again and again and again ..., ad infinitum ..., but if I should find it necessary to repeat myself), I will then state what my Charismatic Christian beliefs lead me to believe in — even though I am aware that my own Charismatic Christian beliefs may or may not be the same as, or in accord with, those beliefs of others who also may want to regard themselves as Charismatic Christians (nb/note well: there appears to be so many varieties of Charismatic Christian beliefs, including from those who are simultaneously of the traditional-historical denominations — such as the Roman Catholics, with their purgatories, mortal and venial sins, and their Mother this and Mother that. Shudder! Shudder! Shudder!).

    Thus, for example, I do not necessarily "believe" in "ghosts", even as I (will later) examine the entire gamut of so-called "paranormal events or phenomena", especially of those with a psychic bent (truly, these are bent!, as in less-than-straight, aka "crooked", thinking variety). Many so-called "ghosts" are probably some form of "fallen angels" or "demons" of the Biblical kind, masquerading as either gods, demons, spirits, ghosts, or even "angels of light" (when they are obviously "fallen" and are "angels of darkness", or "sons of darkness" as used in one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e. The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness).

    Anyway, the author of 1 John, gave us a simple test against any "spirit" to see whether that spirit is of light (God; Christ/Son of God; Holy Spirit of God/Comforter/Advocate/Paraclete/The One; Jehovah/Yahveh/Yahweh/God the Father) or of darkness (Satan, Lucifer, the Devil; the Anti-Christ; the False Prophet; the Beast):

    2This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, 3but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world.

       — First Epistle of John
            (1 John 4:2-3; New International Version/NIV)
            (Note: many Catholics like NIV and dislike KJV! Tough!)

    Whatever the case may be about "ghosts" and other "apparitions", in this website, I have stated that we will be truth-based and science-based. Despite this, definitely, I will not be ashamed of being a Charismatic Christian or of God's Word:
    If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his glory and in the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. (Spoken by Jesus and recorded in Luke 9:26; NIV)

    If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father's glory with the holy angels. (Spoken by Jesus and recorded in Mark 8:38; NIV)

    I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. (Apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Romans; Romans 1:16; NIV)

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As stated in our Mysteries Blog, the ' Mysteries of the World' Website does NOT aim to sensationalize any particular 'Mystery', although we will examine and explore all possible viewpoints pertaining to each 'Mystery' — including the fringe AND the mainstream.

We will, of course, come to a conclusion (eventually!) about each 'Mystery' ... even if that conclusion may eventually turn out to be 'as yet unresolved' or 'unexplained to our satisfaction'.







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This is a KFCP ... No, not Kentucky Fried Chicken Plate ...
KFCP stands for "keyword-focused content page" ...
This Tier 2 webpage is based on the keyword "loch ness monster".
The information on this webpage is collated & presented
by Paul Quek, from Singapore
BBA (Hons), MAppSci (CompSci)

[Bachelor of Business Administration, Honours]
[Master of Applied Science, Computing Science]

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