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Nemesis

(Hypothetical Star)

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Tagline: Are we due for a visit by Nemesis?

by Paul Quek, from Singapore
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[Bachelor of Business Administration, Honours]
[Master of Applied Science, Computing Science]

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1.0   Prolog

This web article examines the intriguing topic of Nemesis, the hypothetical 'companion star' to our Sun (aka Sol) ...

This proposed star would make our Sun part of a binary star system, which is a more common type of star system in the universe than a solitary star system (aka unary star system) like our Sun is currently thought to be ... (Note: Trinary star systems are also more common than unary star systems.)

Nemesis is also thought to be responsible for the cataclysmic ELEs (extinction-level events) that had occurred periodically — every 26 million years or thereabouts — on Planet Earth (aka Terra) ...

If the hypothetical Nemesis was suggested by anyone other than sober scientists, it would have been treated as science fiction ... but the scientists involved (especially astrophysicists and paleontologists) in its conception are apparently serious about it ...

ELEs — Extinction-Level Events

The following text is adapted from Wikipedia ...

Extinction event

An extinction event (also known as: mass extinction; extinction-level event, ELE) is a sharp decrease in the number of species in a relatively short period of time. Mass extinctions affect most major taxonomic groups present at the time — birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates and other simpler life forms. They may be caused by one or both of:

  • extinction of an unusually large number of species in a short period;

  • a sharp drop in the rate of speciation


Over 99% of species that ever lived are now extinct, but extinction occurs at an uneven rate. Based on the fossil record, the background rate of extinctions on Earth is about two to five taxonomic families of marine invertebrates and vertebrates every million years. Marine fossils are mostly used to measure extinction rates because they are more plentiful and cover a longer time span than fossils of land organisms.

Since life began on earth, several major mass extinctions have significantly exceeded the background extinction rate. The most recent, the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago, and has attracted more attention than all others as it marks the extinction of nearly all dinosaur species, which were the dominant animal class of the period. In the past 540 million years there have been five major events when over 50% of animal species died. There probably were mass extinctions in the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, but before the Phanerozoic there were no animals with hard body parts to leave a significant fossil record.

Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. These differences stem from the threshold chosen for describing an extinction event as "major", and the data chosen to measure past diversity.

   — en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event


2.0   Notes

Wikipedia Logo - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Wikipedia — the very useful, user-editable and free online encyclopedia — explains 'Nemesis' as follows (adapted) ...

Nemesis (mythology)

Nemesis, also called Rhamnousia/Rhamnusia ("the goddess of Rhamnous"), at her sanctuary at Rhamnous, north of Marathon, in Greek mythology was the spirit of divine punishment against those who succumb to hubris, vengeful fate personified as a remorseless goddess.

Nemesis (Mythology) - nemesis_angel_01a.jpg - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

The name Nemesis is related to the Greek word ... [that means] "to give what is due".

The Romans equated the Greek Nemesis as Invidia.

Nemesis is now often used as a term to describe one's worst enemy, normally someone or something that is the exact opposite of oneself but is also somehow similar. For example, Professor Moriarty is frequently described as the nemesis of Sherlock Holmes.

     —  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)

NEMESIS (Adrasteia, Rhamnusia)

Nemesis was the goddess of divine indignation and retribution, who punished excessive pride, evil deeds, undeserved happiness or good fortune, and the absence of moderation. She was the personification of the resentment aroused in both gods and mortals by those who committed crimes with impunity, or who enjoyed undeserved luck.

True to her name, which variously may be translated as 'she who distributes or deals out'; 'due enactment'; or 'divine vengeance', Nemesis was a feared and revered goddess. With a discriminating eye she directed human affairs in such a way as to maintain equilibrium on earth. Happiness and unhappiness were measured out by her, with firm care being taken that happiness was not too frequent or too excessive. If this happened, Nemesis could bring about abrupt and catastrophic losses and suffering.

NEMESIS (Adrasteia, Rhamnusia) - nemesis_adrasteia_rhamnusia_00a.jpg - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

As one who kept extravagant favors by Tyche (Luck, Fortune) in check, Nemesis was regarded as an avenging or punishing divinity. Tyche was often irresponsible in handing out Luck and Fortune, indiscriminately heaping gifts from her horn of plenty, or depriving others of what they had.

But woe be to the individual favored by Tyche who failed to give proper dues to the gods, became too full of himself and boasted of his abundant riches, or refused to improve the lot of his fellow humans by sharing his luck! Indignant Nemesis would step in and snap the fool back to reality, in short order humiliating him and causing his downfall.

     —  thanasis.com/modern/nemesis.htm

Wikipedia also has the following list of Nemesis:

Philosophy

  • Nemesis, "a painful response to another's undeserved good fortune" as defined by Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics

Arts and Entertainment - Books and literature

  • Nemesis (Alfred Nobel play), a tragedy
  • Nemesis (Agatha Christie novel), a 1971 detective novel
  • Nemesis (Philip Roth novel), an upcoming novel by Philip Roth
  • Nemesis: The Death Star, by Richard A. Muller, a 1988 account of the Asteroid Impact Dinosaur Extinctions and the Nemesis theory of a solar companion star
  • Nemesis (Isaac Asimov novel), a 1989 science fiction novel
  • Nemesis, a 1989 novel by Louise Cooper, first book in the Indigo series
  • Nemesis (Angel novel), a 2004 novel set in the fictional Buffyverse
  • Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic by Chalmers Johnson
  • Hitler: Nemesis 1936-45, by Ian Kershaw
  • Nemesis: The Battle for Japan, 1944-45, by Max Hastings
  • The Nemesis Affair by David M. Raup
  • Nemesis: Part I-VI by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Nemesis (Nesbo novel), a 2002 crime novel by Norwegian writer Jo Nesbo, the fourth in the Harry Hole series

Arts and Entertainment - Comics

  • Nemesis the Warlock, a series published in the British comic 2000 AD

Arts and Entertainment - Characters

  • Nemesis (DC Comics), a superhero character in the DC Universe, affiliated with the Suicide Squad
  • Nemesis (American Comics Group), a Silver Age superhero character appearing in Adventures into the Unknown
  • Nemesis (Marvel Comics), the name of three Marvel Comics superheroine characters
  • Nemesis (Ultraverse), a Malibu Comics and Marvel Comics character
  • Nemesis (Wildstorm), a Wildstorm Comics character
  • Nemesis, a Marvel Comics character also known as Holocaust (comics)
  • Nemesis, a living planet/villain character in the "Black Moon Clan" story arc in the manga Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon

Arts and Entertainment - Film

  • Nemesis (film), a 1993 science fiction film that spawned three sequels
  • Star Trek Nemesis, the tenth Star Trek movie, released in 2002
  • Nemesis Game, a 2003 mystery-thriller film about complex riddles

Arts and Entertainment - Games

  • Nemesis (Magic: The Gathering), an expansion to the collectible card game
  • Nemesis (role-playing game), a horror role-playing game
  • Nemesis (video game), a 1990 Game Boy game based on the Gradius series
  • Nemesis, title of the arcade and MSX versions of the original Gradius, outside Japan
  • Nemesis, a 1983 home video game for the BBC Micro released by Micro Power; a clone of the Centipede arcade game
  • Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, a 1999 video game
    • Nemesis (Resident Evil), the titular bio-weapon of the above game
  • Nemesis, the final boss in the game Dark Sector
  • Zork: Nemesis, an adventure game in the Zork series
  • Lord Nemesis, a villain character in the online game City of Heroes
  • Nemesis, an enemy character in Final Fantasy X
  • Nemesis, a persona of the character Ken Amada in Persona 3
  • Nemesis, a vehicle in Unreal Tournament 3

Arts and Entertainment - Other

  • Nemesis Tipshus, a famous American cat with a streaming website working continuously since February 1994

Arts and Entertainment - Music - Performers

  • Nemesis (band), a South Korean rock band
  • Nemesis (Sri Lankan band), a heavy metal band formed in 2006
  • Nemesis, a Swedish doom metal band, predecessor of Candlemass
  • Nemesis (musicians), a pop music duo
  • Nemesis (group), a Dallas, Texas rap crew who recorded on Profile Records in the early 1990s
  • Nemesis, a Finnish electronic and ambient music group
  • Nemesis a hip hop raper from Lockport NY

Arts and Entertainment - Music - Albums

  • Nemesis (album), a 1997 release by Grip Inc.
  • Nemesis Divina, album by Norwegian black metal band Satyricon

Arts and Entertainment - Music - Songs

  • "Nemesis", a song on the 2007 album Judgement by VNV Nation
  • "Nemesis", a song on the 2001 album Shakedown! by TheStart
  • "Nemesis", a 1985 song by Shriekback
  • "Nemesis", a song from the album Nymphetamine by Cradle of Filth
  • "Nemesis", a song on Doomsday Machine (album) by Arch Enemy
  • "Nemesis", a single by Indian alt rock band Fossils (band)

Arts and Entertainment - Television

  • "Nemesis" (Voyager episode), an episode of Star Trek: Voyager
  • "Nemesis" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of Stargate SG-1
  • Nemesis in Transformers can refer to:
    • Nemesis (Transformers), a fictional starship
    • Nemesis Breaker, an evil clone character
    • Nemesis Prime, another usually evil clone character

Arts and Entertainment - Music - Roller Coasters

  • Nemesis (roller coaster), a popular inverted roller coaster at UK theme park Alton Towers
  • Nemesis Inferno, an inverted roller coaster at UK theme park Thorpe Park

Politics

  • Operation Nemesis, "The Armenian Nuremberg", the Armenian Revolutionary Federation code-name for the covert operation in the 1920s to assassinate the Turkish masterminds of the Armenian Genocide

Science and Technology

  • Nemesis (computing), a computer operating system
  • Nemesis, a street name for the drug benzylpiperazine
  • Nemesis (star), a hypothetical companion star of the Sun
  • 128 Nemesis, an asteroid

Transport

  • HMS Nemesis, four ships of the Royal Navy
  • USS Nemesis, three ships of the US Navy
  • HEIC Nemesis, an early iron warship used in the First Opium War
  • Sharp Nemesis, a famous racing plane now on display at the National Air and Space Museum
  • Sharp Nemesis NXT, a kit-built racing plane
  • AAQ-24 Nemesis, part of Directional Infrared Counter Measures, a Northrop-Grumman aircraft defense system

For this web article, we are interested in the following ...

  1. Nemesis: The Death Star (book) , by Richard A. Muller, a 1988 account of the Asteroid Impact Dinosaur Extinctions and the Nemesis theory of a solar companion star
  2. Nemesis (star), a hypothetical companion star of the Sun

Wikipedia has the following in its entry on Nemesis (star) ...

Nemesis (star)

Nemesis is a hypothetical red dwarf or brown dwarf star, orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 50,000 to 100,000 AU, somewhat beyond the Oort cloud. This star was originally postulated to exist as part of a hypothesis to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions in the geological record.

Nemesis (Star) - nemesis_star_red_dwarf_artist_drawing.jpg - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Claimed periodicity of mass extinctions

In 1984 paleontologists David Raup and Jack Sepkoski published a paper claiming that they had identified a statistical periodicity in extinction rates over the last 250 million years using various forms of time series analysis.

Raup, D.M.; Sepkoski, J.J. (1984-02-01). "Periodicity of Extinctions in the Geologic Past". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 81 (3): 801–805

They focused on the extinction intensity of fossil families of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans, identifying 12 extinction events over the time period in question. The average time interval between extinction events was determined as 26 million years. At the time, two of the identified extinction events (Cretaceous-Tertiary and Late Eocene) could be shown to coincide with large impact events. Although Raup and Sepkoski could not identify the cause of their supposed periodicity, they suggested that there might be a non-terrestrial connection. The challenge to propose a mechanism was quickly addressed by several teams of astronomers.

Development of the Nemesis hypotheses

Two teams of astronomers, Whitmire and Jackson, and Davis, Hut, and Muller, independently published similar hypotheses to explain Raup and Sepkoski's extinction periodicity in the same issue of the journal Nature.

Whitmire, D.P.; Jackson, A.A. (1984). "Are periodic mass extinctions driven by a distant solar companion?". Nature 308 (5961): 713–715

Davis, M.; Hut, P., Muller, R.A. (1984). "Extinction of species by periodic comet showers". Nature 308 (5961): 715–717]


This hypothesis proposes that the sun may have an as yet undetected companion star in a highly elliptical orbit that periodically disturbs comets in the Oort cloud, causing a large increase in the number of comets visiting the inner solar system with a consequential increase in impact events on Earth. This became known as the Nemesis (or, more colorfully, Death Star) hypothesis.

If it does exist, the exact nature of Nemesis is uncertain. Richard A. Muller suggests that the most likely object is a red dwarf with magnitude between 7 and 12, while Daniel P. Whitmire and Albert A. Jackson argue for a brown dwarf.

See this site:-- http://muller.lbl.gov/pages/lbl-nem.htm Muller.lbl.gov

If a red dwarf, it would undoubtedly already exist in star catalogs, but its true nature would only be detectable by measuring its parallax; due to orbiting the Sun it would have a very low proper motion and would escape detection by proper motion surveys that have found stars like the 9th magnitude Barnard's star.

The last major extinction event was about 5 million years ago, so Muller posits that Nemesis is likely 1-1.5 light years away at present, and even has ideas of what area of the sky it might be in ..., near Hydra, based on a hypothetical orbit derived from original apogees of a number of atypical long-period comets that describe an orbital arc meeting the specifications of Muller's hypothesis.

Looking for Nemesis

If Nemesis exists, it may be detected by the planned Pan-STARRS or LSST astronomical surveys, or similar future projects. If Nemesis is a brown dwarf, as proposed by Dr. Dan Whitmire and Albert A. Jackson IV, then the upcoming WISE mission (scheduled for November 2009) should easily find it.

Other hypotheses

Matese and Whitman have suggested that the supposed extinction periodicity might be caused by the solar system oscillating across the galactic plane of the Milky Way. These oscillations may lead to gravitational disturbances in the Oort cloud with the same proposed consequences as the orbit of "Nemesis". However, the period of oscillation is not well-constrained observationally, and may differ from the needed 26 million years by as much as 40%.

Literary references

Certain parallels may be drawn between Nemesis and the red star from Anne McCaffrey's Pern books series. Both disturb the Oort cloud and both bring destruction down upon their respective planets.

Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle also describe such a mechanism in the novel Lucifer's Hammer. Niven commented in his short story collection N-Space that had they named the conceptual dark companion in Lucifer's Hammer, the name "Nemesis" would have been used.

Isaac Asimov's novel Nemesis deals with the repercussions of a future colony being established around a star named Nemesis as a way of escaping an oppressive Earth. While the star in the book is on a course that will take it through the solar system, it is not in orbit around the sun as is the theorized Nemesis.

Piers Anthony makes several 'matter-of-fact' comments on the existence of the Nemesis star, stating it to be a companion star of the Sun, in his Bio of a Space Tyrant series.

Matthew Reilly's novel The Six Sacred Stones deals with a dark companion to the sun that will end all life on the planet unless it is stopped by the accumulation of several artifacts from around the world.

In the Japanese Sailor Moon metaseries by Naoko Takeuchi, the members of the Black Moon Clan, the antagonists of the second major story arc, come from Nemesis.

     —  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(star)


3.0   YouTube Video

YouTube - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

3.1   Video Clip

The popular video hosting site, YouTube, carries the following video clip that deals with Nemesis (Hypothetical Star) ...

Nemesis (Hypothetical Star)

"The Universe: Unexplained Mysteries 1"

(History Channel - Documentary)

Uploaded to YouTube by: Purdey600

Date of Upload: August 24, 2008

Description/Info: The Universe: Unexplained Mysteries. The History channel presents a wonderful review of the science behind our Universe and beyond.

Tags:  The Universe Unexplained Mysteries Area 51 Roswell Aliens Sun Global Warming


4.0   Epilog

This web article comprises some introductory notes and a YouTube video clip, on the Nemesis (Hypothetical Star) ...


Cheers!
Paul Quek
Webmeister
Woodlands, Singapore

Paul Quek - Webmeister - Animated GIF 2009 - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

Incept Date: 29 July 2009
Rev'd Date: 07 August 2009

This website is predicated on the basis of the following categorization of the Sciences ...

Four Categories of Science

By Stanton T. Friedman (Former Nuclear Physicist)

Some people have insisted that if I can't provide a piece of a [flying] saucer or an alien body, there is nothing to support my claims. I was quite surprised during my last visit with Carl Sagan in December 1992, when he claimed that the essence of the scientific method was reproducibility. In actuality, as I wrote Sagan later on, there are at least four different kinds of science:

  1. [Category-1 Science]  Yes, there is a lot of excellent science done by people who set up an experiment in which they can control all the variables and equipment. They make measurements and then publish their results, after peer review, and describe their equipment, instruments, and activity in detail so that others can duplicate the work and, presumably, come to the same conclusions. Such science can be very satisfying, and certainly can contribute to the advancement of knowledge. However, it is not the only kind of science.

  2. [Category-2 Science]  A second kind of science involves situations in which one cannot control all the variables, but can predict some. For example, I cannot prove that on occasion the moon comes directly between the sun and the Earth and casts a shadow of darkness on the Earth, because I cannot control the positions of the Earth, moon, or sun. What can be done is predicting the times when such eclipses will happen and being ready to make observations when they occur. Hopefully the weather where I have my instruments will allow me to make lots of measurements.

  3. [Category-3 Science]  A third kind of science involves events that can neither be predicted nor controlled, but one can be ready to make measurements if something does happen. For example, an array of seismographs can be established to allow measurements to be made at several locations in the event of an earthquake. When I was at the University of Chicago, a block of nuclear emulsion was attached to a large balloon that would be released when a radiation detector indicated that a solar storm had occurred (something we could neither produce nor predict). Somebody would rush to Stagg Field and release the balloon. When the balloon was retrieved, the emulsion would be carefully examined to measure the number, direction, velocity, and mass characteristics of particles unleashed by the sun.

  4. [Category-4 Science]  Finally, there is a fourth kind of science, still using the rules to attack difficult problems. These are the events that involve intelligence, such as airplane crashes, murders, rapes, and automobile accidents. We do not know when or where they will occur, but we do know they will. In a typical year more than 40,000 Americans will be killed in automobile accidents. We don't know where or when, so rarely are TV cameras whirling when these events take place. But we can, after the fact, collect and evaluate evidence. We can determine if the driver had high levels of alcohol in his or her blood, whether the brakes failed, whether the visibility was poor, where a skid started, and so on. Observations of strange phenomena in the sky come under this last category.

In all the category-4 events, we must obtain as much testimony from witnesses as possible. Some testimony is worth more than other testimony, perhaps because of the duration of observation, the nearness of the witnesses to the event, the specialized training of the observer, the availability of corroborative evidence such as videos and still photos, or the consistency of evidence when there is testimony from more than one witness. Our entire legal system is based on testimony — rarely is there conclusive proof such as DNA matching. Judges and juries must decide, with appropriate cross-examination, who is telling the truth. In some states, testimony from one witness can lead to the death penalty for the accused.

We should take note of the fact that even instrument data is dependent on testimony from the observer of the instruments, and on appropriate calibration and validation under standardized circumstances. Also, our courts place limits on requirements for testimony, such as that against one spouse by the other. Furthermore, there are rules about hearsay testimony, and rules regarding legal evidence are complex and detailed.

When it comes to flying saucers, we must remember that the reason most sightings can be determined to be relatively conventional phenomena, often seen under unusual circumstances, is that most people are relatively good observers. The problem comes with the interpretation of what was observed. People watching the sky late at night may get excited about a very bright light that moved very slowly. Checking on the position of the planets at that time may reveal that that light was Venus, because we have good information as to the angle of observation, the direction of the light from the observer, the relatively slow rate of motion, the location of Venus at that time, and so on. On three occasions, when living in Southern California, I was called by people who described an unusual object moving rapidly. I tried to make sure that I analyzed their observations, such as, what time was it? In what direction were you looking? In what direction did it seem to be moving? Was there any sound? What was its apparent size, say, as compared to the moon (just covered by an aspirin held at arm's length)?

Two of the people wanted to tell me that the object was just over the next hill. I stressed that this was an interpretation, because even huge objects far away can seem to be small objects nearby. In all three cases, I felt that what was being described sounded similar to a rocket launched down the California Coast when the sun had gone down, but while the object was high enough to still be in sunlight. I had seen such a spectacular case once myself. I checked, in all three cases, with Vandenberg Air Force Base, which launches many rockets down the U.S. West Coast. Indeed, there had been a launch at the right time in each case. One case was especially intriguing, because several witnesses were looking out across the ocean from a beach area and described the thing they saw as similar to a string of popcorn. It turned out to be the launch of a special weather satellite with extra solid boosters being dropped off multiple times.

The people were good observers. To say the least, it would be irrational to say that people are good observers when their input allows us to identify the object being observed, and yet poor observers if we can't identify the UFO as something conventional.

   — Stanton T. Friedman (Nuclear Physicist)
        Flying Saucers and Science
        Subtitle — A Scientist Investigates the Mysteries of UFOs: Interstellar Travel, Crashes,
           and Government Cover-Ups

        (Chapter 1 - "The Case for the ET Origin of Flying Saucers")
        (Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books, 2008)

Stanton T. Friedman (Nuclear Physicist) - Flying Saucers and Science - for www.mysteries-of-the-world.com

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  1. Recently, we added a simple blog so that you would be apprised of the latest changes to the Mysteries of the World Website. To get the updates automatically, CLICK HERE to subscribe to our RSS (you will get a new window or 'tab'). Thanks and cheers!
  2. Warning to the unthinking (and to the control freaks and power junkies) ... You probably won't like the following 'thinking' observation ... But it's an important part of any exploration, investigation, study, etc. of the Mysteries of the World ...

    SEVEN DOORS TO SEVEN ROOMS OF THOUGHT

    1. Accept the statement of Eminent Authority with­out basis, without question.
    2. Disagree with the statement without basis, out of general contrariness.
    3. Perhaps the statement is true, but what if it isn't? How then to account for the phenomenon?
    4. How much of the statement rationalizes to suit man's purpose that he and his shall be ascendant at the centre of things?
    5. What if the minor should become major, the recessive dominant, the obscure prevalent?
    6. What if the statement were reversible, that which is considered effect is really cause?
    7. What if the natural law perceived in one field also operates unperceived in all other phases of science? What if there be only one natural law manifesting itself, as yet, to us in many facets because we cannot apperceive the whole, of which we have gained only the most elementary glimpses, with which we can cope only at the crudest level?

    And are those still other doors, yet undefined, on down the corridor?

     — Mark Clifton
        Eight Keys to Eden
        (London, UK: Pan Books, 1962)

    Eight Keys to Eden -- Kindle e-book:
    CLICK HERE or CLICK HERE

  3. This website — Mysteries of the World Website — aims for simplicity when examining the Mysteries ... Here is a TED talk about the topic of Simplicity (note:- TED = Technology, Entertainment, Design -- check this out: The Future We Will Create: Inside the World of TED) ...

  4. Please do not assume or conclude that, just because I present many views (in the form of textual notes, pictures/stills, and audio and video clips) — as well as many advertisements, some by me and some automatically by Google Adsense and Amazon — on this website, it does not mean that I am in agreement with or that I believe in the views and/or ads offered-proferred ... That would be displaying such a parochial and provincial attitude, towards this website and towards me as well!

    As an ex-military officer, I assure you that I am in the habit of reading, viewing and digesting lots of stuff that I don't necessarily believe in ... We call all the stuff we read, view and digest, 'military intelligence' ... The same applies with 'business intelligence' in the business world, of course.

    Our aim, as usual, is to find out what others (including our friends, enemies, competitors, suppliers, strategic partners, business partners, etc.) believe in. In order to do that effectively, we have to 'get out of the way', so to speak — we have to remove our humongous ego! — else we will never ever really have gotten started in our journey of exploration and discovery of the Mysteries of the World.

    Furthermore, similarly and additionally, as a "Charismatic Christian", there are lots of stuff presented in this website that I do not believe in ... which had even led some to label me as "Fundamentalist"!

    ... Whatever!

    Matthew 7

    1Judge not, that ye be not judged.

    2For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.

    3And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?

    4Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye?

    5Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye.

       — Jesus the Christ
            (Yahoshua ha Mashiach; Yeshua/Yesua; Ieosus; Joshua),
            "Sermon on the Mount"

    If you want to hear the NIV — specifically, from The Visual Bible: Matthew (1993) — please click the audio player below:



    In short, in this website, I present many things that, I am hopeful, would be of interest to a student, explorer and investigator of the Mysteries of the World ... but this doesn't mean that I believe in any of the stuff presented.

    ... Got it?

    ... Right!

  5. Here is a purpose that I am wholeheartedly in agreement with ...

    [Mysteries, Monsters, Mutants, Myths, Miracles & Much More ...]

    Our purpose ... is to describe the rich variety of anomalous, unexplained, sometimes totally bizarre phenomena that people have experienced in all times and places and that are still occurring today. ... the nature of the world and of our existence are quite different from that which we were taught at school. The reality is far more interesting, humorous and expansive than any religious or rational, scientific world-view can possibly accommodate.

    It is not our intention here to dispute anyone's beliefs or theories — but we should like to point out their limitations. There are things that happen in this world - and have occurred throughout the whole of human experience - for which there has never been a lasting explanation. Explanations are temporary products, coming and going in response to fashions. Meanwhile, the happenings they are supposed to explain carry on as mysteriously as ever.

       — John Michell and Bob Rickard
            The Rough Guide to Unexplained Phenomena (Rough Guide Reference)
             (New York, NY: Rough Guides Ltd, 2007)

  6. Here is a sentiment that I am wholeheartedly in agreement with ...
    As I sit down to redo this book for an American audience, what rises before me is last night's dream: I'm in a broad and beautiful land among many trees. It's night. I look up at a huge old tree that's dark against the starry sky in its detail of twig and branch. There is room enough here for all of us, I realize, here in this big, intricately textured park. But I see that some want to cut down the trees and level it out, so huge throngs of people can gather to gaze up at the sun's glare. I watch dark twigs fingering the remote, untouchable stars. A voice speaks: "Don't turn this into a Copernican Garden."

    Waking up, I remember that I went to sleep wondering how to put this book together. And I take "Copernican Garden" to mean a parking lot vista where masses gather to honor the bright sun of traditional science with its old rules as the center of the universe.

    So I will not cut down the trees and level this book out. It is between you and me [or you and I], a conversation as we stroll along in a moonlit fractal garden past webby connections of thought that merge to patterned insight. Here hidden delights nestle in scaling patterns of self-similar but never quite repeating beauty. Here the tree of life hold stars in its branches. No matter how huge, this garden stays human-sized because we have a place in it, you and I. No need to cut down the connective forest and level things out for that bright Sol [sun] of left-brain logic whose daytime dazzle — so close and glaring — can blind us to the myriad constellations beyond.

    [...]

       — Katya Walter, Tao of Chaos
            Sub-title: Merging East and West
            (1994, 1996)

  7. Here is an observation (adapted) made in the Acknowledgement page of a book ...
    It takes many minds to produce a book [including an e-book, of course]. Although most authors [especially of non-fiction books and articles] would prefer not to admit this fact, fundamentally they are merely 'synthesisers' of accumulated knowledge.

    The process of synthesising may unveil a new reality map, or paradigm, which, in due course, will be used by future pioneers to unveil further paradigms.

    This principle was summed up by Sir Isaac Newton when he remarked: "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants".

    [...]

       — Christian von Nidda, Our Secret Planet
            (2005)

  8. Here is an observation about UFO-Aliens cover-up or conspiracy that may be of general interest, although some readers would not agree with the observation (e.g., they may say that some whistleblowers, such as Bob Lazar on the Roswell-type flying saucers in secret Area-51 labs, have already come forward) ...
    If any long-term coherent cover up of UFO information does exist, however, then it must operate at all levels of government and the media. It must encompass all the relevant written materials, from the briefest handwritten note in government files to entries in squadron log books to letters in the personal papers of members of the Establishment. Hundreds of politicians, service personnel, police officers, clerks and officials, over half a century, would be required to excise any reference to the reality of UFOs from official documents and the media. The number of people who would have taken part in this cover up would be vast, yet not one person has broken ranks to 'blow the whistle' on the greatest story ever told. Meantime, millions of dollars are being spent every day on space probes and radio telescopes that are searching for evidence of alien life. Would there be any reason for a conspiracy of silence if that evidence already existed?

       — Dr David Clarke and Andy Roberts, Out of the Shadows
            (2002)

  9. Even though I am a "Charismatic Christian", the views presented herewith, in this Mysteries of the World Website, will NOT be colored by this fact of being a Charismatic Christian. Rather, where and when I find it necessary (and usually, I would NOT find it necessary, since I find it tiresome to repeat myself, again and again and again ..., ad infinitum ..., but if I should find it necessary to repeat myself), I will then state what my Charismatic Christian beliefs lead me to believe in — even though I am aware that my own Charismatic Christian beliefs may or may not be the same as, or in accord with, those beliefs of others who also may want to regard themselves as Charismatic Christians (nb/note well: there appears to be so many varieties of Charismatic Christian beliefs, including from those who are simultaneously of the traditional-historical denominations — such as the Roman Catholics, with their purgatories, mortal and venial sins, and their Mother this and Mother that. Shudder! Shudder! Shudder!).

    Thus, for example, I do not necessarily "believe" in "ghosts", even as I (will later) examine the entire gamut of so-called "paranormal events or phenomena", especially of those with a psychic bent (truly, these are bent!, as in less-than-straight, aka "crooked", thinking variety). Many so-called "ghosts" are probably some form of "fallen angels" or "demons" of the Biblical kind, masquerading as either gods, demons, spirits, ghosts, or even "angels of light" (when they are obviously "fallen" and are "angels of darkness", or "sons of darkness" as used in one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e. The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness).

    Anyway, the author of 1 John, gave us a simple test against any "spirit" to see whether that spirit is of light (God; Christ/Son of God; Holy Spirit of God/Comforter/Advocate/Paraclete/The One; Jehovah/Yahveh/Yahweh/God the Father) or of darkness (Satan, Lucifer, the Devil; the Anti-Christ; the False Prophet; the Beast):

    2This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, 3but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world.

       — First Epistle of John
            (1 John 4:2-3; New International Version/NIV)
            (Note: many Catholics like NIV and dislike KJV! Tough!)

    Whatever the case may be about "ghosts" and other "apparitions", in this website, I have stated that we will be truth-based and science-based. Despite this, definitely, I will not be ashamed of being a Charismatic Christian or of God's Word:
    If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his glory and in the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. (Spoken by Jesus and recorded in Luke 9:26; NIV)

    If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father's glory with the holy angels. (Spoken by Jesus and recorded in Mark 8:38; NIV)

    I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. (Apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Romans; Romans 1:16; NIV)

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As stated in our Mysteries Blog, the ' Mysteries of the World' Website does NOT aim to sensationalize any particular 'Mystery', although we will examine and explore all possible viewpoints pertaining to each 'Mystery' — including the fringe AND the mainstream.

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